Latest Automobile Designs

Implausible Munch

2011-09-08T04:46:00.001-07:00

Hottest electric diwheel clues at future of town transportation

2011-08-22T02:26:00.001-07:00

The diwheel is a vehicle with two wheels on the same axle, i.e. in similar, like the back two wheels on a wheelchair, and works by mounting a cabin of sorts for a driver between them. In this case, the power source is electricity store up in a battery. Diwheels have been created before, and have of course been seen in sci-fi movies; what’s new here is the constancy control. Traditionally, the difficulty with creating a diwheel is in keeping the driver from gerbiling, a result that comes about when you think how a diwheel is constructed. If you simply attached the cab to the axle, the driver would spin approximately as the wheels turn, a truly nauseating experience to be sure. Thus diwheels are create by using a frame that allows the axle to spin independent of the rider, which works great once you’re moving at an even speed. Unluckily, though, when stopping or starting, the frame tends to ride up a bit, or trail behind causing a rocking motion for the rider, which again, would not be very enjoyable after a while. This is where the skill of the team came in; they use specially intended computer hardware and software to control the wheels and the society of the frame, which they manipulate using a joy-stick; the result is a smooth stable ride from beginning to end.

Policeman illustrate serious motorbike agility talent

2011-08-03T00:27:00.000-07:00

Piaggio -low-cost three-seat city

2011-04-22T06:52:00.000-07:00

The Piaggio, Italian scooter maker, visualized the concept of NT3 in India which may hit the roads by late-2013. NT3 is a low cost three seat city car that would fight the Tata Nano and the to-be-launched Hyundai Ha – an 800cc Rs 2- 3lakh small car – and a new sub-600cc Maruti, code named YE3

Snow removal

2011-04-13T02:55:00.000-07:00

No one truly knows how the automobiles in prospect would be like. But they are the drawbacks of our current automobiles that give us a fair idea of what is to be done with the future cars. Technology in automobile industry is rising quite rapidly. With many surprising advances in automobile industry today, there are a few high-quality automobile future plans that make news from time to time. There shall be many automobiles that would make a few cool cars of the future.

Satellite Internet in cars - discover the future
Sync my feel cars seem to be the future cars. Its Ford’s new finding that shall have touch screen computers. These computers will be simply activated by merely feel or voice. With this new making in the field of automobile technology the passengers and the drivers would be able to contact various Internet features from the vehicle itself. There are lots of questions that surround the result of satellite internet cars. They include questions like whether it is safe or what kind of Internet link will be available for use in these cars. It’s expected that this higher automobile technology will use satellite Internet so that the users don’t have to join from one server to another while switching from one area to another all through their trip. However, the weather setting can create some problems but even that would be controlled.

Reasonable future alternative fuel vehicles
Today other fuel vehicles are estimating the drivers a lot. Things are getting costly and they should be forbidden in future. In future it is likely to be very cheap. But even after getting cheap, the option fuel vehicles would be functioning capably. In future they shall be more sensible and capable. It won’t be a fright if they are the cars of the future.

HHO cars: New cars in the group
There have been lots of cars that have been in news often. Cars successively on hydrogen are one of them. They not only offer the benefit of low running costs but are also favorable for the environment. But the problem lies with the removal of the hydrogen which happens from fossil fuels. But it’s likely that if hydrogen has to be made accepted for the future automobiles then little problems relating to hydrogen have to be obliterated. However, today hydrogen cars cost you a lot but in near prospect things are likely to witness a drastic change with the foreword of affordable hydrogen powered vehicles. There are many automobile developed companies like General Motors, Honda, Toyota that are in the race for the maker of the most popular hydrogen car.

Catastrophe in Japan has poorly influenced Automobile Industry

2011-03-16T23:45:00.000-07:00

Earthquake and Tsunami has poorly affected Japan. These two natural disasters made thousands of people dispossessed. Many victims of this Catastrophe are pain from fatal diseases. Apart from this human loss, automotive industry has also undergone a lot.

Japan’ automotive industry holds a major part of global market share. This Catastrophe has also injured automotive plants. Japan has ceased the developed of automobiles. It is estimated that it will impact the Asia and other parts of the World. Auto Analyst, George Peterson said, “The disaster will have a huge impact, and not just in Japan”

Tsunami has wrecked great amount of vehicles. This includes 1,300 Infiniti luxury cars. Almost 1,000 of Nissan vehicles have been spoiled at the port of Miyagi. Nissan, the second-largest automaker of Japan; has ceased its making in four plants. On the other hand, Honda has also planned to cover up its plants and it is expected that it will lose making of 16,600 cars and trucks along with 2,000 motorcycles and scooters. Toyota, prevalent company of Japan and World’s foremost automaker, whose big market is its home, has also ceased the production. It is estimated that Toyota will lose creation of almost 40,000 vehicles.

Few days before this Catastrophe, Toyota redefined its “Global Vision” and resolute to enhance its sales up-to 10 million. Current situation depicts that now, it will not potential for Toyota. Some analyst said that this disaster is a great chance for Korean and U.S automobile companies to capture the market split of Japanese automakers.

Manufacture Your Own Electric Car

2011-03-06T23:17:00.000-08:00

Today many people are looking ahead to buy an electric car to save on gas money as well as reduce the release of harmful gases. Well in this scenario a new e-book has entered the marketplace; it is titled ‘Manufacture Your Own Electric Car’

The ‘Manufacture Your Own Electric Car’ e-book is written in the form of a complete guide. It offers:
• Complete step by step information on how you can convert your regular car into an electric car.
• Tips on wounding fuel costs to nearly 0.
• Tips on keeping the atmosphere clean while using an electric car.
• Also some useful information on how you can get some actually big IRS Refunds if you use an electric car.

The book is so detailed and is written so simply that anyone can easily construct an electric car. The electric car made with the information in this e-book can give a tough contest to any other electric car.

The electric car build by using the orders will not only look good but will easily travel at high speeds and will travel as far as 100 miles with a onetime accuse.

Usually you can just buy the ‘Manufacture Your Own Electric Car’ e-book at a believed price of just $19.97. However you can also buy it as a part of a ‘The Going Green Value Pack’ that will help you save a lot of money every year. the pack includes some other books like:- ‘How To Build Your Own Wind Generator’, ‘Making your own solar panels’, ‘Renewable Energy Solutions Guide’ and ‘how to make your own bio diesel’ . You can get it for 49.97

The decision
Well the ‘Manufacture Your Own Electric Car’ e-book offers tips that are absolutely worth the money spent and when you buy it with the other books it is even better. So I will say do not believe twice about buying it.

Luxury Technically Converting Car

2011-02-18T01:23:00.000-08:00

This is latest Luxury technically transforming car and whole part of body is based on latest unique idea just like interior and exterior design. And this Luxury technically transforming car is presenting great and advance theoretical luxury future and each developing ACESSERIOUS is based on latest high advance technology I mean whole part is really grand and advance.

Innovative Concept Cars

2011-02-10T22:58:00.000-08:00

This Peugeot Concept is well designed for the megalopolis of Tomorrow. This concept is of two types –

The First car shows for Two persons in glamorous style

The Second one for only one person used for parking place

Volkswagen XL1 model assures 260 mpg

2011-01-27T05:37:00.001-08:00

VW’s sleek, 1-liter two-seater owes its model cues to the Batmobile and its amazing gas mileage — .9 liters per 100 kilometers, or a predictable 260 mpg — to a combination of feather-weight clothing and a multi-technology heart. The 1,700-lb body is made largely of aluminum and carbon fiber (including a Formula One-inspired carbon monocoque), while the ingenious power plant consists of half of VW’s staple 1.8-liter TDI diesel engine mated to a seven-speed transmission. There’s also an lithium-ion battery-powered electric drivetrain, which VW says is good for 21 miles all by itself. The wicked torque inherent in all electric motors helps push the XL1 to 60 mph in a reputable 11.9 seconds, while top speed is 110 mph.

But really it’s the symbiotic nature of the two power sources operational together that could push this slippery car (with an impressive .18 coefficient of drag) into the position of eco-superstars. Consider that though XL1’s diesel engine only produces 48 hp, VW says the vehicle can preserve 62 miles an hour on just 9 hp. That’s more like gliding than driving.

The best news about the XL1 is that aspects of its innovative nature just might be break on other VW models soon. By contrast, the XL1 seats two people side by side, features normally operating doors evaluate to previous jet canopy iterations, and steer clear of overusing wildly exotic and luxurious materials such as magnesium

New Style of BMW Convertible Tops

2011-01-21T04:23:00.001-08:00

Seyyed Javad Ghaffarian’s - Magical Tricycle concept

2011-01-06T00:44:00.000-08:00

Magical Tricycle concept - Success of the student group award at the Car Design News Contest 2008, the Magic Tricycle shaped by Seyyed Javad Ghaffarian is a single concept that can be ridden as a normal three-wheeler on the highway and can also be made to run on two wheels in more crowded traffic situations. The Iranian designer built the idea around a design that would make it possible to rotate the body around a longitudinal axis operation from the front to the rear right wheel with the left wheel important into the air so the vehicle can be ridden as a motorcycle in more packed areas.

Mazda Shinari model to Debut at Paris Car Show

2010-12-29T23:29:00.000-08:00

MILAN(Italy) — Mazda has formally exposed the Shinari, a four-door “coupe” concept that launchs the company’s new Kodo design language.

Shinari looks good enough to stand on its own, but Mazda in fact has no direct production plans for the four-seater, judging from what little its stylish shared with press at a preview here, ahead of the concept’s formal unveiling at the 2010 Paris Auto Show in late September.

Mazda highlight that Kodo — said to translate as “soul of motion” — was teamwork among its design studios in Japan, Europe and the U.S., and is planned to replace the Nagare design language that graced such recent making cars as the latest Mazda 3.

In particular, the front-end design of the Shinari, with its name aluminum wing, was explain as the new face of future Mazda production vehicles. According to Britain’s Autocar, Shinari’s “famous, gaping-mouth grille . . . does away with Nagare’s ‘smiling face.’”

The concept’s interior, calculated in California, features aluminum trim, chronometer-style gauges and leather-covered seats and surfaces, as well as an asymmetric front seating present plus deep rear buckets.

New design Innovative upcoming Car

2010-12-23T22:38:00.000-08:00

New BMW ZX-6 Futuristic Car Concept

nissan v2g futuristic concept car

Terrain sport coupe concept car

Morgan Futuristic concept car

future ford concept car model

vw pholeum futuristic concept car

Transforming multifunctional wheels concept car

Collapsible Bicycle Model by Blair Hasty

2010-11-16T04:39:00.001-08:00

The collapsible bicycle model is designed by Blair Hasty as a vehicle for the daily transport usage. In 2004 International bicycle design competition in Taiwan, according to the model shows that the pedals shifted to behind the driver so the overall weight transfers from the lower back to forearms and pelvic bone and the posture while the rider is prostrate while riding the bike. The designer has used the space by placing a huge bag which creates a storage space for the rider. As well to add on it is collapsible and the bag will become useful. Finally it acts in two positive points, one is healthier for our body by using bicycle for daily use and other one is no need to look for parking, can take it straight to the working place

New - Audi A3 Disel

2010-11-12T04:11:00.000-08:00

Car design - Currently in manufacture, the Audi A3 TDI was just prized the coveted title of 2010 Green Car of the Year. The diesel vehicle dispersed good gas mileage (EPA estimated 42 mpg on the highway) in a put together that is fun to drive with all the flexibility of a hatchback. We’re not sure why the diesel cars keep outsmarting the hybrids, but admit that powerful it around downtown Los Angeles was certainly a bit fun – although we might have been high by the smell of new car fumes.

Honda Bike

2010-10-27T22:55:00.001-07:00

Honda Bike Designs -

New Sport Cars

2010-10-26T05:32:00.001-07:00

New Car designs - Morgan LIFEcar

Mazda Furai Concept

Maserati Chicane Concept by IED

Rolls-Royce Phantom Coupé

Bentley Continental GTZ

Alfa Romeo Bertone BAT 11

Truck for Secure Transportation of Essential Supplies

2010-10-22T02:56:00.000-07:00

This Aid Necessities Transporter (A.N.T.) was planned by Brian Lee. The vehicle is meant to carefully transport food, water, medical equipment and home items through any type of territory.

Most recent Luxury Extra-Terrestrial Automotive Car

2010-10-18T22:44:00.000-07:00

Hybrid Electric Cars

2010-10-15T06:21:00.001-07:00

Car Innovation

Fantastic Chameleon Truck Concept

2010-10-13T06:20:00.000-07:00

Ozone - the crazy cylinder-shaped car motorized by a fuel unit

2010-10-08T05:23:00.000-07:00

Let’s take a step back from conservative automobile design for a minute and take a glance at Ozone. This rolling cylinder shaped by Istanbul designer Özkan Koral is a design idea for a Peugeot hydrogen-powered car, where each of the giant wheels is independently motorized by electric motors.

Maintainable and Innovative Car Designs - Royal College of Art

2010-10-04T06:06:00.000-07:00

Car Design - The annual Royal College of Art Graduate Summer Show is the place to look for modernization. The College has a section of Vehicle Design which is "pioneering new approaches for our mobile futures." This year several students presented prototypes for sustainable automobiles. They were thinking about the future and what green customers and car enthusiasts would be seems for.

Ultramodern car designs of Batley by the world’s top young designers

2010-09-27T06:31:00.000-07:00

Auto - Most welcome a ultramodern car of Batley. IN present some of world’s best young car designers from the Royal College of Art of London have at present created extra0ordinary Bentley’s car future design by the exclusive partnership of world famous British company.

Interesting Information on Blue Whale

2009-10-06T03:20:00.000-07:00

The Blue whale is the largest animal to have ever lived on earth, even bigger than any dinosaur, and they can live up to 80 years or more.

Blue whales do not have teeth. Hanging down from the upper jaw are Baleen plates which look like the frayed bristles of a giant hairbrush and are used to sieve food from seawater.

When a blue whale eats, the pleats or grooves on its throat and belly expand to allow it to gulp huge watery mouthfuls of tiny, shrimp like crustaceans called Krill. Water is then forced out between the baleen plates and the food caught on the hairy fringes is then swallowed.

Due to their large size and speed, blue whales were not hunted by early whalers but were the first species to be taken by the modern whaling industry especially in the 1930's. They were then over-exploited and the population drastically reduced to near extinction. Figures suggest that today there are less than 500 in the Southern hemisphere and approximately 4,000 worldwide, out of an original population of over 200,000. Because they are an endangered species blue whales became protected in the 1960s.

The only other known predator of the blue whale is the Killer (Orca) whale. Even though the killer whale is much smaller, this does not stop organized packs or pods of them from harassing and attacking blue whales.

Blue whales are found in all oceans of the world. Being an open ocean species they are not seen near the coast but mainly in the deeper waters off the continental shelves and ice edges.

Identification

Measuring up to 30 meters long (one was recorded at 33 meters) and weighing between 100 - 200 tones, their tongue can weigh as much as an elephant and the heart is the size of a small car. The body is long and streamlined and the straight blow can reach a height of 9 meters.

The core measures to prevent cancer

2009-09-29T01:41:00.000-07:00

The Key to lung Cancer Prevention
Don’t Smoke
Tobacco use is the major cause of lung cancer in the United States. About 90% of lung cancer deaths in men and almost 80% of lung cancer deaths in women in this country are due to smoking. The most important thing a person can do to prevent lung cancer is to not start smoking, or to quit if he or she currently smokes.Quitting smoking will lower risk of lung cancer compared to not quitting. This is true no matter how old one is or how much he or she

Avoid Secondhand Smoke

Make Your Home and Workplace Safer
Test for radon. Radon detectors can be purchased or arrangements can be made for qualified testers to come into the home. Health and safety guidelines in the workplace can help workers avoid things that can cause cancer (carcinogens).

Eat Lots of Fruits and Vegetables
Eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables may help protect against lung cancer.

The Key to Skin Cancer Prevention
Most skin cancers can be prevented if children and teens (and adults, too) are protected from ultraviolet (UV) rays.

Just a few serious sunburns can increase your child's risk of skin cancer later in life. Kids don't have to be at the beach to get too much sun. Their skin needs protection from the sun's harmful UV rays whenever they're outdoors.

To protect yourself and your family—
• Seek shade, especially during midday hours.
• Cover up with clothing to protect exposed skin.
• Wear a hat with a wide brim to shade the face, head, ears, and neck.
• Wear sunglasses that wrap around and block as close to 100% of both UVA and UVB rays as possible.
• Put on sunscreen with sun protective factor (SPF) 15 or higher, and both UVA and UVB protection.

The UV rays from tanning beds and sunlamps are as dangerous as the UV rays from the sun. Don't let your children or teens use them. Many states restrict the use of tanning beds by children and teens.

A Vaccine to Prevent Cervical Cancer
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus that can be passed from one person to another during sex, is the main cause of cervical cancer. The same virus also causes many vaginal and vulvar cancers.

A vaccine to prevent HPV infections is available. It protects against the types of HPV that most often cause cancer. It is given in a series of three shots. The vaccine is recommended for girls 11 and 12 years old, and for girls and women 13 to 26 years old who did not get any or all of the shots when they were younger. (Girls as young as age 9 can get the vaccine.)
Parents: Help protect your daughters against cervical cancer. Make sure they get the HPV vaccine

Info about ozone layer depletion

2009-09-16T04:56:00.000-07:00

The ozone hole over the Antarctic forms each year in August as the Southern Hemisphere summer begins, eventually dissipating by November. Found throughout the Earth’s atmo¬sphere, ozone is particularly rich in the lower stratosphere, a region commonly referred to as the ozone layer, between about 10 and 30 kilometers above the planet’s surface. (The layer of atmosphere just below the stratosphere is the troposphere, where we live and breathe.) The ozone layer blocks harmful ultraviolet rays linked to skin cancer.

The hole is the result of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other chlorine- and bromine-containing gases interacting with two naturally occurring phenomena in the stratosphere. One is the polar vortex, a sort of atmospheric cyclone above Antarctica that is strongest in winter when temperatures are below negative 80 degrees Celsius. The other is polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), or nacreous clouds when visible, that also form in the extreme polar winter.

The PSCs provide an excellent chemical platform for setting chlorine and bromine free to run amok and destroy ozone in the presence of sunlight. The vortex then circulates the ozone-destroying chemicals quickly until it weakens later in the summer.

CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances were used in the manufacture of aerosol sprays and refrigerants, slowly creeping from the surface into the atmosphere. However, most countries have largely discontinued the use of CFCs thanks to the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty signed in 1987 to protect atmospheric ozone.

Tips to make fruit more appealing

2009-09-10T00:44:00.000-07:00

Many fruits taste great with a dip or dressing. Try low-fat yogurt or pudding as a dip for fruits like strawberries or melons.

Make a fruit smoothie by blending fat-free or low-fat milk or yogurt with fresh or frozen fruit. Try bananas, peaches, strawberries, or other berries.

Try applesauce as a fat-free substitute for some of the oil when baking cakes.

Try different textures of fruits. For example, apples are crunchy, bananas are smooth and creamy, and oranges are juicy.

For fresh fruit salads, mix apples, bananas, or pears with acidic fruits like oranges, pineapple, or lemon juice to keep them from turning brown.

Tata introduces new scheme in call rate

2009-09-02T06:25:00.000-07:00

The new scheme pay per call introduced by Tata is more beneficial. The scheme includes the following things-

Each local call cost is Rs 1 for 10 min and each STD cost is Rs 3 for 10 min.
This offer is only for those who purchase of a new handset of Tata Indicom network.
If sim is used with old used handsets, the cost is Rs 1 per minute for a Local calls and Rs 1.50 per minute for STD Calls. Local SMS cost Rs1 per message and National SMS cost Rs 1.50 per message.
As a special offer, customers will gain from an extended pulse of 3600 seconds for all local calls for the first 15 days from date of activation.
Rental charges are included, daily rental charges about Rs 1 per day.
This pay per call plan can not be tied with any other special offers which have free talk time or free minutes built in.

3 giants join their hands against Google

2009-08-28T20:51:00.000-07:00

The three giants Amazon, Microsoft and Yahoo join their hands to sign up the Open Book Alliance.

They go up against a legal resolution that could make Google the main basis for several online works.

In 2008, the search giant reached many publishers and authors to resolve two lawsuits that gave the company with copyright infringement for the unauthorized scanning of books.

In that decision, Google paid $125 million to create a Book Rights Registry, the authors and publishers received compensation.

Google might also be given the right to digitize unknown works i.e. whose rights-holders are not known and there are believed to be 50-70% of books published after 1923.

Explanation on the deal has to be lodged by 4 September. In early October, a judge will think whether to approve the class-action suit or not.

On the other side, the US Department of Justice is performing an anti-trust analysis into the impact of the agreement.

Importance of Physical activities

2009-08-24T00:36:00.000-07:00

Regular exercise and physical activity are important to the physical and mental health of almost everyone, including older adults. Being physically active can help you continue to do the things you enjoy and stay independent as you age. Regular physical activity over long periods of time can produce long-term health benefits. That’s why health experts say that older adults should be active every day to maintain their health.

In addition, regular exercise and physical activity can reduce the risk of developing some diseases and disabilities that develop as people grow older. In some cases, exercise is an effective treatment for many chronic conditions. For example, studies show that people with arthritis, heart disease, or diabetes benefit from regular exercise. Exercise also helps people with high blood pressure, balance problems, or difficulty walking.

One of the great things about physical activity is that there are so many ways to be active. For example, you can be active in short spurts throughout the day, or you can set aside specific times of the day on specific days of the week to exercise. Many physical activities — such as brisk walking, raking leaves, or taking the stairs whenever you can — are free or low cost and do not require special equipment. You could also check out an exercise video from the library or use the fitness center at a local senior center.

This guide shows you many types of exercise and physical activity. It also has lots of tips to help you be active in ways that suit your lifestyle, interests, health, and budget, whether you’re just starting out, getting back to exercising after a break, or fit enough to run a 3-mile race. It’s for everyone — peoples who are healthy and those who live with an ongoing health problem or disability.

Do things that you enjoy to reduce weight

2009-08-12T22:25:00.000-07:00

Physical activity can be fun! Do things you enjoy, like:

dancing
rollerblading
fast walking
playing sports
bicycling
swimming
group fitness classes, such as dance or aerobics

If you can, be physically active with a friend or a group. That way, you can cheer each other on, have a good time while being active, and feel safer when you are outdoors. Find a local school track or park where you can walk or run with your friends, or join a recreation center so you can work out or take a fun fitness class together.

Think you do not have time for physical activity? The good news is that you can be active for short periods of time throughout the day and still benefit. When fitting in physical activity, remember that any activity is better than none. So try to move more by making these small changes to your daily routine:

Get off the bus or subway one stop early and walk the rest of the way (be sure the area is safe).
Park your car farther away and walk to your destination.
Walk to each end of the mall when you go shopping.
Take the stairs rather than the elevator or escalator (make sure the stairs have working lights).
Put physical activity on your to-do list for the day. For example, plan on exercising right after work, before you can get distracted by dinner or going out.

Water Dragons

2009-08-07T23:13:00.000-07:00

Water Dragons can be up to 1 meter, with long powerful legs and claws. Their tail forms 2/3 of their length and is almost all muscle. It is laterally compressed to help act like an oar when swimming. The Water Dragon has a nuchal crest – a central row of enlarged spikey spines at the back of the head. These spikes continue down the spine, decreasing in size to the base of the tail. At the tail the spines divide into two rows.

The Water Dragon’s upper body is a grey-green with cream and black transverse bands on the body and tail. Underneath the body is creamy brown-grey. They have loose folds of skin under the jaw, giving them an almost Bearded Dragon appearance.

Water Dragons as their name suggests are semi-aquatic lizards. They spend a lot of time perching in trees along creeks and rivers. At any sign of danger they will dive into the water and either remain underwater or swim away. Water Dragons have been known to remain underwater for up to 90 minutes. Water Dragons when underwater slow their heart rate and conduct some gas exchange across their skin, both O2 and CO2.

Water Dragons at slow speeds run on all four legs, but to increase their running speed they can run on their back legs only (bipedal). Their long powerful back legs and sharp claws help in their abilities to climb trees and dig holes for hibernation and nesting.

Talking cars coming soon

2009-07-20T04:12:00.000-07:00

Talking cars aren't science fiction anymore -- thanks to scientists who have developed a set of algorithms that will allow robotic cars of the future to communicate with each other to help avoid collisions.

An international team, led by Indian-origin scientists Dr Bhibhya Sharma and Dr Utesh Chand of the University of the South Pacific, has developed the mathematical equations which would also instruct robotic cars how to change lanes safely.

According to Dr Sharma, the series of mathematical equations would instruct robotic cars when and how to merge lanes, which could lead to less accidents and ease traffic congestions.

"Flocking is a biologically inspired technique and a strategy commonly used in robotics. One of the advantages of flocking is that robots can work together and achieve what would take individuals far longer," he said.

In fact, according to the scientists, each car will be controlled by a centralised brain guided by a series of algorithms.

The brains will talk to each other and instruct the cars to merge lanes and move in formation together. The team demonstrated the technique using computer simulation and is currently trialling it in two wheel robots.

Team member Dr Chand has said that the cars have targets they move towards and maintain and when the cars find themselves in a merging situation, one of them will be given the position of leader, the rest will follow.

The team has written equations for attraction towards the target, enabling cars to stay inside their lanes and avoid crashing into each other.

The challenge now is to allow the robot to automatically plan how to avoid crashing with the side of the road and cars travelling close by, they said.

Source: http://business.gov.in/

World-Class Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory By 2012

2009-07-09T00:07:00.000-07:00

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory announced today that it is beginning construction of the conventional facilities at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), a project that will advance energy research for the nation and create hundreds of jobs for Long Island over the next several years. Energy Secretary Steven Chu visited the laboratory earlier this year and announced $150 million from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act for the facility, some of which went towards accelerating the construction of NSLS-II.

NSLS-II will be an advanced, highly optimized, third-generation medium energy storage ring that will provide sophisticated, new tools for discovery-class science – science that will enhance national and energy security and help drive abundant, safe, and clean energy technologies. The x-ray brightness and resolution of NSLS-II will be world leading, exceeding that of any other light source currently existing or under construction, and it will be 10,000 times brighter than the present light source at Brookhaven Lab.

Torcon, Inc., a New Jersey firm with many projects in New York State, has been chosen to construct the building that will house the accelerator ring, the largest component of the machine. Torcon estimates that 90 percent of the total construction contract cost of more than $170 million will be spent directly with Long Island contractors and suppliers. This phase of the facility’s construction is expected to last through 2012.

INCREASED THINNING OF WEST ANTARCTIC GLACIERS

2009-06-30T22:03:00.000-07:00

Glaciers in West Antarctica are shrinking at a rate substantially higher than observed in the 1990s. They are losing 60 percent more ice into the Amundsen Sea than they accumulate from inland snowfall.

The study was conducted by a science team from NASA, U.S. universities and from the Centro de Estudios Científicos in Chile. It is based on satellite data and comprehensive measurements made in 2002 by a science team aboard a Chilean P-3 aircraft equipped with NASA sensors. Science Express published the findings today.

The ice loss from the measured glaciers corresponds to an annual sea-level rise of .008 inches (.2 millimeters) or more than 10 percent of the total global increase of about .07 inches (1.8 millimeters) per year.

For a balanced glacial system, the amount of glacier ice melting or flowing into the sea roughly equals the ice formed from snow accumulations further inland. The scientists report the Amundsen Sea glaciers are not in balance.

Bob Thomas, a science team member with EG&G Services at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Va., commented that as the glaciers flow to the ocean, they become afloat to form ice shelves. "The ice shelves act like a cork and slow down the flow of the glacier," Thomas said.

The scientists noted the earth underneath the ice is further below sea level than had been assumed, so the ice is thicker than once thought. This increases the amount of ice each glacier can discharge into the ocean as its speed increases. It makes it easier for the thinning glacier to float free from its bed, and thus further 'loosen the cork'," Thomas said.

Thomas said in the last 10 years the ability to accurately measure glaciers worldwide has greatly improved. Measurements from aircraft and satellites like NASA's Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), launched in 2003, have greatly improved accuracy.

Source-NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2004/0923westglaciers_prt.htm

Evolution of the computer keyboard

2009-06-17T22:07:00.000-07:00

The creation of the present computer keyboard began with the invention of the typewriter. A few important technological developments created the change of the typewriter into the computer keyboard. The teletype machine was introduced in the 1930s; this technology combined the technology of the typewriter (used as an input and a printing device) with the telegraph. Elsewhere, punched card systems were combined with typewriters to create keypunches. Keypunches were the basis of early adding machines and IBM was selling over one million dollars worth of adding machines in 1931.

Early computer keyboards were first equipped from the punch card and teletype technologies. In 1946, the Eniac computer used a punched card reader as its input and output device. In 1948, the Binac computer used an electromechanically controlled typewriter to in cooperation input data directly onto magnetic tape and to print results. The emerging electric typewriter additional improved the technological tie-up between the typewriter and the computer. There were many electromechanical steps in transmitting data between the keyboard and the computer that slowed things down. With electric keyboards, the keyboard's keys might now send electronic impulses straight to the computer and save time. By the late ‘70s and early on ‘80s, the entire computers used electronic keyboards and VDTs

Saturn

2008-02-24T22:48:00.000-08:00

Saturn (pronounced /'sæt?n/) is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Along with the planets Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune it is classify as a gas giant (also known as a Jovian planet, after the planet Jupiter). It was named after the Roman god Saturnus, equate to the Greek Kronos (the Titan father of Zeus) and the Babylonian Ninurta. Saturn's sign represents the god's sickle (Unicode: ?), The day in the week Saturday gets its name from the planet.

The planet Saturn is calm of hydrogen, with small proportions of helium and trace elements. The interior consists of a small core of rock and ice, bounded by a thick layer of metallic hydrogen and a gaseous outer layer. The outer atmosphere is normally bland in appearance, although long-lived features can appear. Wind speeds on Saturn can reach 1,800 km/h, considerably faster than those on Jupiter. Saturn has a planetary magnetic field intermediate in strength among that of Earth and the more powerful field around Jupiter.

Grapefruit

2008-02-17T21:59:00.000-08:00

The grapefruit is a subtropical citrus tree grown for its fruit which was initially named the "forbidden fruit" of Barbados.
These evergreen trees are frequently found at around 5-6 m tall, even though they can reach 13-15 m. The leaves are shady green, long up to 150 mm and thin. It produces 5 cm fair four-petalled flowers. The fruit is yellow-skinned, mainly oblate and ranges in diameter from 10-15 cm. The flesh is segmented and acidic, unreliable in color depending on the cultivars, which include white, pink and red pulps of varying sweetness. The 1929 US Ruby Red (of the Red blush variety) has the first grapefruit patent.
The fruit has only become popular from the late 19th century; before that it was only grown as a decorative plant. The US quickly became a major creation of fruit, with orchards in Florida, Texas, Arizona, and California. In Spanish, the crop is known as toronja or pomelo.

A history of computer viruses

2008-02-10T21:24:00.000-08:00

In the following report, “computer viruses” will be explained in aspect. A lengthy and educational description of the evolution and history on microcomputer viruses will be given; to give you a background of their origin for some understanding of how they came to be. The next segment in the statement is on how to battle computer viruses with the development of anti-virus applications.

The current status of microcomputer viruses will also be discuss, naming the most common types of viruses and the mass harmful type at this present point of time.
Details of the most new outbreaks of computer viruses, such as the “Melissa”, “I Love You” and the most recent “Anna Kournikova” viruses will be explained, and why they are so harmful.

Battery electric vehicle

2008-02-03T21:54:00.000-08:00

The electric car, EV, or basically electric vehicle is battery electric vehicles (BEV) that make use of chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs. Electric vehicles use electric motors and motor controllers in its place of interior combustion engines (Ices). Vehicles using both electric motors and Ices are examples of hybrid vehicles, and are not deliberate pure BEVs because they operate in a charge-sustaining mode. Hybrid vehicles with batteries that can be thrilling externally to displace some or all of their ICE power and gasoline fuel are called plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and are pure BEVs during their charge-depleting mode. BEVs are normally automobiles, light trucks, neighborhood electric vehicles, motorcycles, motorized bicycles, electric scooters, golf carts, milk floats, forklifts and similar vehicles.

Screen-printing

2008-01-27T21:20:00.000-08:00

Screen-printing, silk-screening, or serigraphy is a printmaking system that creates a sharp-edged image using a stencil. A screen-print or serigraph is an image shaped using this technique.

It started as an industrial technology, and was adopt by American graphic artists in the early 1900s. It is currently popular both in fine arts and in commercial printing, where it is generally used to print images on T-shirts, hats, CDs, DVDs, ceramics, glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, paper, metals, and wood. The Printer's National Environmental Assistance Center says "Screen printing is possibly the most adaptable of all printing processes." Since rudimentary screen-printing materials are so affordable and readily available, it has been used normally in underground settings and subcultures, and the non-professional look of such DIY culture screen prints has become a significant cultural aesthetic seen on movie posters, record album covers, flyers, shirts, commercial fonts in advertising, and elsewhere.

Batsman

2008-01-20T20:54:00.001-08:00

A batsman in the sport of cricket is, depending on context: Any players will perform for batting. A player whose expert in the game is batting. During the play of a cricket match, two members of the batting team are on the field, although their team-mates wait off the field. Those two players are the existing batsmen. Each batsman stands near one of the two wickets also end of the cricket pitch near the centre of the ground.

The two batsmen have different roles:

The striker stands in front of the wicket nearest him and attempts to protect it from balls bowled by the opposing bowler from the other wicket. The non-striker stands stopped near the bowler's wicket. While protecting his wicket, the striker may also hit the ball into the field and attempt to run to the opposite wicket, exchanging places with the non-striker. This score a run, the two batsmen may continue to exchange places, scoring additional runs, until members of the fielding team gather and return the ball to either wicket.

Gold

2008-01-13T21:52:00.000-08:00

Gold is a tinny element with a trait yellow color, but can also be black or ruby when finely alienated, while colloidal solutions are intensely tinted and often purple. These colors are the effect of gold's plasmon frequency lying in the visible range, which causes red and yellow glow to be reflected, and blue light to be engrossed. Only silver colloids show the same interactions with light, albeit at a shorter occurrence, making silver colloids yellow in color.

Gold is a good conductor of temperature and electricity, and is not precious by air and most reagents. Heat, damp, oxygen, and most corrosive agents have very little chemical effect on gold, making it well-suited for use in coins and jewelry; equally, halogens will chemically alter gold, and aqua regia dissolve it.

Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use and is hard-boiled by alloying with silver, copper, and other metals. Gold and its lots of alloys are most often used in jewelry, coinage and as a typical for monetary exchange in various countries. When promotion it in the form of jewelry, gold is calculated in karats (k), with pure gold being 24k. However, it is more commonly sold in lower capacity of 22k, 18k, and 14k. A lower "k" indicates a higher percent of copper or silver assorted into the alloy, with copper being the more typically used metal between the two. Fourteen karat gold-copper alloy will be almost identical in color to definite bronze alloys, and both may be used to produce polish and added badges. Eighteen karat gold with a high copper content is establish in some traditional jewelry and will have a distinct, though not dominant copper cast, giving an attractively warm color. A comparable karat weight when alloyed with silvery metals will appear less humid in color, and some low karat white metal alloys may be sold as "white gold", silvery in exterior with a slightly yellow cast but far more resistant to decay than silver or sterling silver. Karat weights of twenty and higher is more general in modern jewelry. Because of its high electrical conductivity and confrontation to decay and other desirable combinations of physical and chemical properties, gold also emerged in the late 20th century as an vital industrial metal, particularly as thin plating on electrical card associates and connectors.

Earth

2008-01-06T21:48:00.000-08:00

Earth whose Latin name is Tellus is the third planet in the solar system in terms of distance from the Sun, and the fifth largest. It is also the largest of its planetary system's terrestrial planets, making it the largest solid body in the solar system, and it is the only place in the universe known to support life. The Earth was formed around 4.57 billion years ago and its largest natural satellite, the Moon, was orbiting it shortly thereafter, around 4.533 billion years ago.

Since it formed, the Earth has changed through geological and biological processes that have hidden traces of the original conditions. The outer surface is divided into several tectonic plates that gradually migrate across the surface over geologic time spans. The interior of the planet remains active, with a thick layer of convecting yet solid Earth mantle and an iron core that generates a magnetic field. The atmospheric conditions have been significantly altered by the presence of life forms, which create an ecological balance that modifies the surface conditions. About 71% of the surface is covered in salt water oceans, and the remainder consists of continents and islands.

Polymer

2007-12-30T21:11:00.001-08:00

Polymer is a substance collected of molecules with large molecular mass collected of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds. The word is resulting from the Greek, πολυ, polu, "many"; and μέρος, meros, "part". Well known examples of polymers contain plastics, DNA and proteins.

While the term polymer in popular usage suggests "plastic", polymers consist of a large class of natural and synthetic materials with a variety of properties and purposes. Natural polymer materials such as shellac and amber have been in utilize for centuries. Biopolymers such as proteins (for example hair, skin and division of the bone structure) and nucleic acids take part in crucial roles in biological processes. A variety of other natural polymers survive, such as cellulose, which is the major constituent of wood and paper.

Corporate bond

2007-12-25T22:10:00.001-08:00

A corporate bond is a bond issued by a company. The term is usually applied to longer-term debt instruments, normally with a maturity date falling at least a year after their issue date. The term "commercial paper" is sometimes worn for instruments with a shorter maturity.

Sometimes, the term "corporate bonds" is used to include all bonds apart from those issued by governments in their own currency. Strictly speaking, however, it only applies to those issued by corporations.

Bill of Exchange

2007-12-16T21:42:00.000-08:00

A bill of exchange is a printed order by the drawer to the drawee to pay money to the payee. The most general type of bill of exchange is the cheque, which is defined as a bill of exchange drawn on a banker and payable on demand. Bills of exchange are used mainly in international trade, and are written orders by one person to his bank to pay the bearer a specific sum on a specific date sometime in the future.

Prior to the advent of paper currency, bills of exchange were a more important part of trade. They are a quite ancient form of instrument: they were used by medieval trade fairs, such as the Frankfurt Trade Fair.

Public good

2007-12-09T22:03:00.000-08:00

In financial side, a public good is a good that is non-rival and non-excludable. This means that utilization of the good by one individual does not reduce the amount of the good available for consumption by others; and no one can be successfully excluded from using that good. For example, if one individual eats a cake, there is no cake left for anyone else, and it is probable to exclude others from consuming the cake; it is a rival and excludable good, or a private good. Conversely, breathing air does not considerably reduce the amount of air available to others, nor can people be effectively excluded from using the air. This makes it a public good, These are highly hypothetical definitions: in the real world there may be no such thing as an completely non-rival or non-excludable good; but economists think that some goods in the real world approximate closely enough for these concepts to be meaningful.

A Need for Welfare

2007-11-30T01:43:00.001-08:00

There is an old joke that asked where you find a welfare recipient’s check beneath his work boots of course. For a long time now, since the specialist formation of a stable government, the U.S government has had the programs and passed laws that either dealt with issues of or prejudiced family. Many of these family programs and laws at present in place today are often and usually debated. One of the most debate and most difficult over family programs or laws are welfare.This is because there is now a smallest amount of income so the poor no longer have the need to go out and assign crimes to reach such money.

Mobile phone

2007-11-11T21:10:00.000-08:00

The introduction of cells for mobile phone base stations, invented in 1947 by Bell Labs engineers at AT&T, was further industrialized by Bell Labs during the 1960s. Due to their low establishment expenses and fast exploitation, mobile phone networks have since spread hastily throughout the world, outstripping the growth of fixed telephony.

The zero generation (0G) of mobile telephones was introduced in 1945. 0G mobile telephones, such as Mobile Telephone Service, were not officially categorized as mobile phones, since they did not sustain the automatic change of channel frequency during calls, which allows the user to shift from one cell (the base station coverage area) to another cell, an attribute called "handover".

The first marketable cellular network was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. Fully automatic cellular networks were first introduced in the beginning to mid 1980s (the 1G generations) with the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in 1981. This was followed by an explosion in mobile telephone habit, particularly in Northern Europe.

The first "modern" network technology on digital 2G (second generation) cellular technology was launched by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Group) in 1991 in Finland on the GSM standard which also striking the beginning of competition in mobile telecoms when Radiolinja challenged current Telecom Finland (now part of TeliaSonera) who ran a 1G NMT network. A decade after, the first commercial commence of 3G (Third Generation) was again in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard. However, Martin Cooper, a Motorola engineer, is accredited with the innovation of the modern mobile phone in the 1990s. Until the early 1990s, most mobile phones were too large to be carried in a jacket pocket, so they were normally installed in vehicles as car phones. With the miniaturization of digital apparatus, mobile phones have become more and handier over the years.

Funicular

2007-11-04T23:14:00.001-08:00

A funicular (from Latin, funiculus, the diminutive of funis, "rope") also called funicular railway, liable railway, inclined plane, or, in the United Kingdom, a rock face railway, is a type of self-contained cable railway in which a cable close to a pair of tram-like vehicles on rails moves them up and down a very steep slope, utilize one ascending and one descending tram cabin to counterbalance each other.
The basic principle of funicular operation is that two cars are attached to each other by a cable, which runs through a pulley at the top of the dispose. Counterbalancing of the two cars, with one ascending and one descending the slope—especially when transporting similar loads, such as passengers —minimizes the attractive effort needed to lift the ascending car.
The usual engineering practice is to splice the cable ends together thereby creating a constant cable loop. The cars are attached equidistantly at differing points on the cable loop. The cable is driven by any resources of winching at one end of the run, and held taut by a tensioning wheel at the other. Other sheeve wheels are employed to guide the cable to and from the drive device and the incline cars. Locomotion is formed by alternately reversing the direction of the drive mechanism so that the cars switch positions on the incline, that is, one up and one down.

Metabolism

2007-10-28T22:53:00.000-07:00

Metabolism is the total set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. These processes are the source of life, allowing cells to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and react to their environments. Metabolism is frequently divided into two categories. Catabolic reactions yield energy, an example being the stop working of food in cellular respiration. Anabolic reactions, on the other hand, use this energy to construct mechanism of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids.

The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is distorted into another by a series of enzymes. Enzymes are vital to metabolism because they allow cells to drive desirable but thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by combination them to favorable ones. Enzymes also agree to the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or signals from other cells.

Parrot

2007-10-23T21:58:00.001-07:00

Parrots or psittacoses pronounced is an order namely Psittaciformes of birds that includes about 350 species. They are frequently grouped into two families: the Cacatuidae (cockatoo), and the Psittacidae (parrots), but one may find many variations. Some sources split parrots into three families. Citation needed the term "true parrot" is not used by the majority of bird keepers, biologists and lay people and is a source of confusion.
All members of the order have a usually erect stance and a characteristic curved beak shape with the upper mandible having slight mobility in the joint with the skull. All parrots are zygodactyls, with two toes at the front of each foot and two at the flipside, and all parrot eggs are white in color.

Adam Sandler: the Funniest man Alive!

2007-10-14T22:38:00.000-07:00

With a hazardous brand of humor that has brought him legions of dedicated fans, Sandler's hit as an actor, stand-up comic, writer and producer is matched by his performance and songwriting skills. It is an shocking gift for lyric and melody that is front and center on Adam Sandler's very funny new Warner Bros. Records release What is Your surname featuring 14 new Sandler originals include such classics as The Goat Song, the Lonesome Kicker, Bad Boyfriend and Corduroy Blues.
What is Your Name continues the musical tradition Sandler began with at a standard Pace, Ode to My Carnd the extremely popular The Chanukah Song. With two platinum-selling, Grammy-nominated albums - They're All Gonna Laugh at you and What the Hell Happened to Me - Already to his credit, Sandler goes for a comedy-three peat with what’s Your Name. The move to an all-music format is a normal one, following his 21 city tour last summer, when he perform both creative material and his favorite childhood tunes, backed by a finest rock and roll band.

American Beauty

2007-10-05T22:43:00.000-07:00

American Beauty is a picture that exposes predetermined ideas about living in suburban America. This movie also becomes an explanation on the human condition while revealing the raw truth of a dysfunctional family. The Burnhams Lester, Carolyn, and Jane establish as the usual middle-class American family. Lester works for a magazine and is not satisfied with his job. He later ends up quit the job and blackmailing his boss for sixty thousand dollars. Carolyn is an actual estate agent, who is eager for success. Their daughter, Jane, is a typical young person, who is unhappy with her life and her parents. The whole termination of their family begins upon the arrival of more than a few new elements that shake up the whole family. This element being their neighbors.
Their next-door neighbors are a gay pair and the Fitts'. Frank Fitts is an aquatic Corps Colonel who suppresses his homosexuality and his relations. He thought of love for Angela because he thinks she is the whole thing that is missing in his life.

The Real Miracle

2007-09-24T04:57:00.000-07:00

As far as Miracles is concern, turning salty seawater in to sweet water is quite amazing. Regardless of the scientific clarification being doled out—surplus freshwater flowing from the Mahim River into the sea—the thousand mass to Mahim Creek near the beachfront in Mumbai will pretty see the ‘transubstantiation’ as the deed of the late Haji Maqdoom Baba, whose shrine is in the area. Mass hysteria, of course, is only a term to clarify the hordes of believers filling plastic bottles and drinking the water. But the real miracle would be if those glugging the ‘miraculous’ water manages to flee succumbing to serious gastric illness.

The water of Mahim Creek, sweetened or otherwise, is dirty and would scandalize not only the likes of Sunita Narain of the Centre for Science and Environment. Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh and officials of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai have already request to people not to drink the water. Industrial waste is not the finest ingredient for a miracle. But telling this to goggle-eyed people facing even more goggle-eyed TV cameras is as worthwhile as persuasive people that a Ganesh idol sipping milk is caused by suction and not godly lactose tolerance.

Fortunately, rumors of the sweetened water turning back to its original brackish form might stop a future surge. Now we only wait for the real miracle of no one complaining of sickness.

Technology

2007-09-10T05:04:00.000-07:00

Mobile phones and the network they operate under vary significantly from provider to provider, and nation to nation. However, all of them communicate through electromagnetic microwaves with a cell site base station, the antennas of which are usually mounted on a tower, pole, or building.

The phones have a low-power transceiver that transmits voice and data to the nearest cell sites, usually 5 to 8 miles away. When the cellular phone or data device is turned on, it registers with the mobile telephone exchange, or switch, with its unique identifiers, and will then be alerted by the mobile switch when there is an incoming telephone call. The handset constantly listens for the strongest signal being received from the surrounding base stations. As the user moves around the network, the mobile device will "handoff" to various cell sites during calls, or while waiting between calls it will reselect cell sites.

Cell sites have relatively low-power radio transmitters which broadcast their presence and relay communications between the mobile handsets and the switch. The switch in turn connects the call to another subscriber of the same wireless service provider or to the public telephone network, which includes the networks of other wireless carriers.

Orange

2007-09-02T21:29:00.000-07:00

Orange—specifically, sweet orange—refers to the citrus tree Citrus sinensis and its fruit. The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo and tangerine. It is a small flowering tree growing to about 10 m tall with evergreen leaves, which are arranged alternately, of ovate shape with crenulated margins and 4–10 cm long. The orange fruit is hesperidia, a type of berry.

Playground slides

2007-08-26T22:10:00.001-07:00

Playground slides are found in parks, schools, playgrounds and backyards around the earth. Slides are constructed of either plastic or metal and they have a soft surface that is either straight or wavy/rippled. Slides are integral parts of playgrounds. The user, normally a child, climbs to the top of the slide via a steps or stairs and sits down on the top of slide and "slides" down the slide. Some slides are directly, others wind their way down. Slides come in different shapes, sizes and colors. Some slides are commercial, found in playground at parks and schools. Other slides are part of residential playgrounds.

CPU Socket

2007-08-19T22:32:00.000-07:00

The term CPU socket is commonly used to describe the connector linking the motherboard to the CPU in certain types of desktop and server computers, particularly those compatible with the Intel x86 architecture.

Most CPU sockets and processors in use today are built around the pin grid array architecture, in which the pins on the base of the processor are inserted into the socket. To aid installation, zero insertion force sockets are usually used, allowing the processor to be inserted without any confrontation, while gripping the pins firmly once the processor is in place to ensure a reliable contact. In contrast to CPU sockets, slot-based processors and CPUs use a single-edged connection rather than a socket, and slot into the motherboard on their side. Slot architectures are not often used today.

Meteorology

2007-08-12T22:12:00.000-07:00

Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the ambiance that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology. Those actions are bound by the variables that exist in Earth's atmosphere. They are temperature, pressure, water vapor, and the gradients and interactions of each variable, and how they change in time. The majority of Earth's observed weather is located in the troposphere.

Traffic

2007-08-02T23:40:00.000-07:00

Traffic is the movement of motorized vehicles, notarized vehicles and pedestrians on roads. Traffic laws are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. Organized traffic normally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections.

digital image

2007-07-25T00:25:00.000-07:00

A digital image is an illustration of a two-dimensional image as a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels. The digital image contains a fixed number of rows and columns of pixels. Pixels are the smallest individual element in an image, share quantized values that represent the brightness of a given color at any specific point.

Krill fishery

2007-07-15T22:34:00.000-07:00

Krill fishery is the profitable fishery of krill, small shrimp-like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide. Estimates for how much krill there is vary wildly, depending on the methodology used. They range from 125–725 million tones of biomass globally. The total global harvest of krill from all fisheries amounts to 150 – 200,000 tones annually, mainly Antarctic krill (Euphausia superb) and North Pacific krill (E. Pacifica).

Krill are rich in protein (40% or more of dry weight) and lipids (about 20% in E. superb). Their exoskeleton amounts to some 2% of dry weight of chitin. They also contain traces of a wide array of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, carbohydrates, nucleases and phospholipids, which are intense in the digestive gland in the cephalothoraxes of the krill.

2007-07-10T00:14:00.001-07:00

A Personal portal

A Personal portal is a site on the World Wide Web that characteristically provides personalized capabilities to its visitors, given that a pathway to other content. It is intended to use distributed applications, different numbers and types of middleware and hardware to provide services from a number of different sources. In addition, business portals are intended to share collaboration in workplaces. A further business-driven requirement of portals is that the content be able to work on multiple platforms such as personal computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and cell phones.

Freshwater prawn farm

2007-07-02T21:53:00.000-07:00

A freshwater prawn farm is an aquaculture business designed to raise and produce freshwater prawn or shrimp1 for human consumption. Freshwater prawn farming shares many characteristics with, and many of the same problems as, marine shrimp farming. Unique problems are introduced by the developmental life cycle of the main species The global annual production of freshwater prawns (excluding crayfish and crabs) in 2003 was about 280,000 tons, of which China produced some 180,000 tons, followed by India and Thailand with some 35,000 tons each. Additionally, China produced about 370,000 tons of Chinese river crab

Solar System

2007-06-29T01:55:00.001-07:00

Solar System consists of the Sun and the other space objects gravitationally bound to it: the eight planets, their 162 known moonsthree currently recognized dwarf planets (including Pluto) and their four known moons, and billions of small bodies. This last group includes asteroids, Kuiper belt objects, comets, meteoroids and interplanetary dust.

In wide terms, the charted regions of the Solar System consist of the Sun, four terrestrial inner planets, an asteroid belt composed of small rocky bodies, four gas giant outer planets, and a second belt, called the Kuiper belt, collected of icy objects. Beyond the Kuiper belt lies the scattered disc, the heliopause, and eventually the hypothetical Oort cloud.

In sort of their distances from the Sun, the planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Six of the eight planets are in turn orbited by natural satellites, usually termed "moons" after Earth's Moon, and each of the outer planets is encircled by planetary rings of dust and other particles. All the planets apart from Earth are named after gods and goddesses from Greco-Roman mythology. The three dwarf planets are Pluto, the largest known Kuiper belt object; Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt; and Eris, which lies in the scattered disc.

Society

2007-06-24T23:39:00.000-07:00

A society is a grouping of individuals, which is characterized by common interests and may have distinctive culture and institutions. In a society, members can be from a different ethnic group. A "Society" may refer to a particular people, such as the Nuer, to a nation state, such as Switzerland, or to a broader cultural group, such as a Western society. Society can also refer to an organized group of people linked together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes.

Fishing

2007-06-19T19:14:00.000-07:00

Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering. By extension, the term fishing is applied to pursuing other aquatic animals such as various types of shellfish, squid, octopus, turtles, frogs, and some edible marine invertebrates. The term fishing is not usually applied to pursuing aquatic mammals such as whales, where the term "whaling" is more appropriate. Fishing is an ancient and worldwide practice with various techniques and traditions and it has been transformed by modern technological developments. In addition to providing food through harvesting fish, modern fishing is both a recreational and professional sport.

Kolkata

2007-06-12T22:10:00.000-07:00

Calcutta is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. The city has a population of almost 11 million, with an extended metropolitan population of over 14 million, making it the third-largest urban agglomeration and the third-largest city in India.
The city was very populated and served as the capital of India during the British Raj until 1911. Once the centre of modern education, science, culture and politics in India, Kolkata witnessed economic stagnation in the years following India's independence in 1947. However, since the year 2000, an economic rejuvenation has arrested the morbid decline, leading to a spurt in the city's growth. Like other large cities, Kolkata continues to struggle with urbanisation problems like poverty, pollution and traffic congestion.
A vibrant city with a distinct socio-political culture, Kolkata is noted for its revolutionary history, ranging from the Indian struggle for independence to the leftist and trade union movements.

Batteries

2007-06-07T22:23:00.001-07:00

Electronic watches require electricity as a power source. Some mechanical movements and hybrid electronic-mechanical actions also require electricity. Usually the electricity is provided by a replaceable battery.
The first use of electrical power in watches was as replacement for the mainspring, in order to remove the need for winding. The first electrically-powered watch, the Hamilton Electric 500, was released in 1957 by the Hamilton Watch Company of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Batteries for watches are specially designed for their purpose. They are very small and provide tiny amounts of power incessantly for very long periods. In most cases, replacing the battery requires a trip to a watch-repair shop or watch dealer; this is especially true for watches that are designed to be water-resistant, as special tools and procedures are required to ensure that the watch remains water-resistant after battery replacement. Silver-oxide and lithium batteries are popular today; mercury batteries, formerly quite common, are no longer used, for ecological reasons. Cheap batteries may be alkaline, of the same size as silver-oxide but providing shorter life.

Titan Industries

2007-06-03T22:07:00.000-07:00

Titan Industries is the world's sixth largest wrist watch manufacturer and India's leading producer of watches under the Titan and Sonata brand names. It is a joint business enterprise between India's most respected business organization - the Tata Group and the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation. Its product portfolio includes watches, clocks, accessories and jewelers, in both contemporary and traditional designs. It exports watches to about 32 countries around the world with manufacturing facilities in Hosur, Dehradun, Goa and manufactures precious jewelers under the Tanishq brand name, making it India's only national jewelers brand. It is an additional of the Tata Group.

Nutrition

2007-05-29T00:15:00.000-07:00

Nutrition is a science which studies the relationship between diet and states of health and disease. Dietitians are Health professionals who are particular in this area of expertise. They are also the only extremely trained health professionals able to provide safe, evidence-based and accurate dietary advice and interventions.
Between extremes of optimal health and death from starvation or malnutrition, there is an array of disease states that can be caused or alleviated by changes in diet. Deficiencies, excesses and imbalances in diet can produce negative impacts on health, which may lead to diseases such as scurvy, obesity or osteoporosis, as well as mental and behavioral problems. Moreover, excessive ingestion of elements that have no apparent role in health, (e.g. lead, mercury, PCBs, dioxins), may incur toxic and potentially lethal belongings, depending on the dose. The science of nutrition attempts to understand how and why exact dietary aspects influence health.

Joystick

2007-05-21T22:35:00.000-07:00

A joystick is a personal computer tangential or general control device consisting of a handheld stick that pivots about one end and transmits its angle in two or three dimensions to a computer. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and generally have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. The term joystick has become a synonym for game controllers that can be connected to the computer since the computer defines the input as a "joystick input”. Apart for controlling games; joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as elevators, cranes, trucks, powered wheelchairs and some zero turning radius lawn mowers. More lately miniture joysticks have been adopted as navigational devices for smaller electronic apparatus such as mobile phones.

Metal

2007-05-15T00:09:00.001-07:00

In chemistry, a metal is a constituent that readily loses electrons to form positive ions and has metallic bonds between metal atoms. Metals form ionic bonds with non-metals. They are sometimes described as a web of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons. The metals are one of the three groups of elements as eminent by their ionization and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and nonmetals. On the periodic table, a diagonal line drawn from boron separates the metals from the nonmetals. Most elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semi-metals; elements to the lower left are metals; elements to the upper right are nonmetals.

A modern definition of metals is that they have overlapping conveyance bands and valence bands in their electronic structure. This definition opens up the category for metallic polymers and other organic metals, which have been prepared by researchers and employed in high-tech devices. These synthetic materials often have the characteristic silvery-grey reflective ness of elemental metals.

Finance

2007-05-09T23:30:00.000-07:00

Finance studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses, and organizations raise, allocate, and use financial income over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects. The term finance means the study of money and other assets; the activity of finance is the relevance of a set of techniques that individuals and organizations (entities) use to control their financial affairs, particularly the differences between income and expenditure and the risks of their investments.

An entity whose income exceeds its expenditure can lend or invest the excess income. On the other hand, an entity whose income is less than its expenditure can raise assets by borrowing or selling impartiality claims, decreasing its expenses, or increasing its income. The lender can find a borrower, a financial intermediary, such as a bank or buy notes or bonds in the bond market. The lender receives interest, the borrower pays a higher interest than the lender receives, and the financial intermediary pockets the difference.

Finance is used by individuals (personal finance), by governments (public finance), by businesses (corporate finance), etc., as well as by a broad variety of organizations including schools and non-profit organizations. In general, the goals of each of the above activities are achieved through the use of suitable financial instruments, with consideration to their institutional setting.

Finance is one of the most important aspects of business management. Without proper financial planning a new enterprise is unlikely to be successful. Managing money is essential to guarantee a secure future, both for the individual and an organization.

Solar System

2007-05-03T01:52:00.000-07:00

Nanotechnology

2007-04-29T22:06:00.001-07:00

Nanotechnology is a pasture of applied science and technology covering a wide range of topics. The main unifying premise is the control of matter on a scale smaller than 1 micrometer, normally between 1-100 nanometers, as well as the manufacture of devices on this same length scale. It is a highly multidisciplinary field, drawing from fields such as colloidal science, device physics, and supra molecular chemistry. Much hypothesis exists as to what new science and technology might result from these lines of research. Some view nanotechnology as a marketing term that describes pre-existing lines of research applied to the sub-micron size scale.

In spite of the apparent ease of this definition, nanotechnology actually encompasses diverse lines of inquiry. Nanotechnology cuts across many disciplines, together with colloidal science, chemistry, applied physics, materials science, and even mechanical and electrical engineering. It could variously be seen as an extension of existing sciences into the Nanoscale, or as a recasting of existing sciences using a newer, more recent term. Two major approaches are used in nanotechnology: one is a "bottom-up" approach where materials and devices are built from molecular components which gather themselves chemically using principles of molecular gratitude; the other being a "top-down" approach where nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control.

Dot matrix printer

2007-04-23T22:38:00.000-07:00

Not like a typewriter or daisy wheel printer, letters are drawn out of a dot matrix, and thus, varied fonts and arbitrary graphics can be produced. Because the printing involves mechanical pressure, these printers can create carbon copies and carbonless copies. A dot matrix printer or impact matrix printer refers to a type of computer printer with a print head that runs back and forth on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like a typewriter.

Each dot is produced by a tiny metal rod, also called a "wire" or "pin", which uses the power of a tiny electromagnet or solenoid to drive it forward, either directly or through small levers. Facing the ribbon and the paper is a small guide plate pierced with holes to serve as guides for the pins. The moving portion of the printer is called the print head, and prints one line of text at a time. Most dot matrix printers have a single vertical line of dot-making equipment on their print heads; others have a few interleaved rows in order to improve dot density.

These machines can be highly hard-wearing, but eventually wear out. Ink invades the guide plate of the print head, causing grit to adhere to it; this grit slowly causes the channels in the guide plate to wear from circles into ovals or slots, given that less and less accurate guidance to the printing wires. After about a million characters, even with tungsten blocks and titanium pawls, the printing becomes too indistinct to read.

Croydon Airport

2007-04-19T00:34:00.000-07:00

Croydon Airport is in south London on the borders of the London Boroughs of Croydon and Sutton. It was once the main airport for London, before it was replaced by Northolt Aerodrome, London Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport.It originated as two adjacent World War I airfields. Beddington Aerodrome, one of a number of small airfields around London which had been formed for protection against the Zeppelin raids in about May 1915, and Waddon Aerodrome of 1918, a test-flight aerodrome adjoining National Aircraft Factory No1.At the end of that war, the two airfields were joint into London's official airport as the gateway for all international flights to and from the capital. Croydon Aerodrome opened on 29 March 1920.It stimulated a increase in regular scheduled flights carrying passengers, mail and freight, the first destinations being Paris, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. In 1923 Berlin flights were added. It was the operating base for Imperial Airways - remembered in the road name Imperial Way on the site today.In the mid 1920s, the airfield was extended, some adjacent roads being permanently closed to allow heavier airliners to land and depart safely. A new complex of buildings was constructed adjoining Purley Way, including the first purpose-designed air terminal in the world, the Aerodrome Hotel and extensive hangars, all opening on 2 May 1928.The terminal building, the booking hall inside it with its gallery balustraded in the geometrical design typical of the period, and the Aerodrome hotel were all built in the Art Deco style of the 1920s and 1930s. A further item that caught the eye of visitor and traveller alike was the time zone tower in the booking hall with its dials depicting the times in different parts of the world.The aerodrome was known the world over, its fame being spread by the many aviators and pioneers who touched down at Croydon.

Postage Stamp

2007-04-10T00:22:00.000-07:00

A postage stamp is proof of pre-paying a fee for postal services. Usually a small paper rectangle which is attached to an envelope, signifying that the person sending the letter or package has paid for delivery; it is the most popular option to using a prepaid-postage envelope.

History

In it he argued that it would be well again for the sender to pay the cost of delivery, rather than the addressee who could refuse the letter if they could not or did not want to pay, as occasionally happened at the time. He also argued for a identical rate of one penny per letter, no matter where its end. Accounting costs for the government would thus be cut; postage would no longer be charged according to how far a letter had traveled, which necessary each letter to have an individual entry in the Royal Mail's accounts. Chalmers' ideas were finally adopted by Parliament in August, 1839 and the General Post Office launched the Penny Post service the next year in 1840 with two prepaid-postage symbolic envelopes or wrappers: one valued at a penny and one valued at two pence.

Clock face

2007-04-06T22:46:00.000-07:00

100 A clock faces is the part of an analog clock that tells time from side to side the use of a fixed numbered dial or dials and moving hand or hands. Typically, the dial is numbered 1-12 representative the hours in a 12-hour cycle. The term face is also used for the time display on digital clocks and watches.

Certain clocks have 24-hour analog displays and are noticeable consequently. Some special purpose clocks, such darkroom timers and sporting occasion clocks are designed for measuring periods less than one hour. Clocks can indicate the hour with roman numerals or Arabic numerals. The two numbering systems have also been used in mixture with the prior representing the hour and the later the minute. Long case clocks typically use Roman numerals for the hours. Clocks using only Arabic numerals first began to appear in the mid-18th century. In some instances, mainly in the case of watches, the numbers are replaced with undifferentiated hour markings. Infrequently markings of any sort are dispensed with. The face of the Movado "Museum Watch" is known for a single dot at the 12 o'clock position.

Historical and Stylistic Development
Before the late 15th century, a fixed hand indicated the hour by pointing to rotating numbers. Minute hands only came into use in the late 17th century after the discovery of the pendulum allowed for increased accuracy in time telling. Until the last quarter of the 17th century hour markings were etched into metal faces and the recesses filled with black wax. Subsequently, higher contrast and improved readability was achieved with white enamel plaques painted with black numbers. Initially, the numbers were printed on small, individual plaques mounted on a brass substructure. This was not a stylistic decision; rather enamel production technology had not yet achieved the skill to create large pieces of enamel. The "13 piece face" was an early attempt to create an completely white enamel face. As the name suggests, it was composed of 13 enamel plaques: 12 numbered wedges en suite around a circle. The first single piece enamel faces, not unlike those in production today, began to appear c. 1735.

Sunglasses

2007-04-02T00:44:00.000-07:00

Sunglasses are a kind of visual correction aid, variously termed spectacles or glasses, which feature lenses that are coloured or darkened to screen out strong light from the eyes.Many people find direct sunlight too bright to be comfortable, particularly when reading from paper on which the sun directly shines. In outdoor activities like skiing and flying, the eye can receive more light than usual. It has been recommended to wear these kind of glasses on sunny days to protect the eyes from ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to the development of a cataract. Sunglasses have also been linked with celebrities and film actors mainly due to the desire to mask identity, but in part due to the lighting involved in production being typically stronger than natural light and uncomfortable to the naked eye.Augusto Pinochet sits with sunglasses in the front of the Chilean JuntaContents

British coinage

2007-03-29T01:29:00.000-07:00

Obverse and turn around of ordinary coins in current movement, £2, £1, 50p, 20p, 10p, 5p, 2p and 1pThe British currency was decimalized on February 15, 1971. The basic unit of currency – the Pound – was unchanged. Previous to decimalization there were 240 pennies in a pound, now there are 100 new pence. The new coins were noticeable with the wording "New Penny" or "New Pence" to discriminate them from the old. The word new was drop after ten years. The representation p was also adopted to tell apart the new pennies from the old, which used the sign d.

The initial pound coin was introduced in 1983 to replace the Bank of England £1 banknote which was discontinues in 1984. A circulating bimetallic £2 coin was also introduced in 1998– there had until that time been remembrance £2 coins which did not normally circulate. The total amount of coinage in exchange is approximately three and a quarter billion pounds, of which the £1 and £2 coins account for almost two billion pounds.

Every year, newly mint coins are checkered for size, weight, and work of art at a Trial of the Pyx. Fundamentally the same process has been used since the thirteenth century. Assay is now done by the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths on behalf of HM Treasury.

The Honda History

2007-03-29T00:41:00.000-07:00

In 1997 Honda begins produce a street-oriented GT motorcycle using an in history significant name: Super hawk. The earlier Super hawk was a similar twin motorcycle that Robert M. Pirsing rides in "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance". The unique Super hawk was a profitable achievement, therefore the name being recycled. The new Super hawk was introduced after the Ducati 916 made V-twin sport bikes popular again. The fresh Super hawk uses an all new 90 degree V-twin. The bike bring in a number of fresh design concept such as the "pivot less frame", side radiators, single cast engine case, connecting rods with cap screw in its place of nuts, and the major carburetors Honda ever put on a motorcycle. "Pivot less frame" inevitable that engine was a harassed member with the swing arm bolted directly to the engine. The bike was released in 1997 as an early release 1998 model year. One motorcycle magazine recommended that this bike was the fastest 0-60 mph manufacture bike at the time. A racing version of the bike was predictable from Honda. Honda formed in 2000 the RVT1000R known outside the United States as the VTR1000SP, although the bike had only four engine parts in common with the modern Super hawk. The RC51 was an completely new V-twin racing platform that won the World Super bike championship its first year race through Colin Edwards and the Castrol team.

Longships

2007-03-23T23:45:00.001-07:00

Longships, langskip or drakkar were boats used by the Scandinavians and Saxons for their raids on costal and inland settelments. They were the epitome of Scandinavian military power and ranked extremely as precious material possessions.
The longship was a long, narrow, light boat with shallow draft, with oars along approximately the entire length of the boat. Later versions sported a rectangular sail on a single mast to augment the rowers particularly during longer journeys. In combat the variabilily of wind power made rowers the chief means of propulsion. virtually all longships were clinker built and waterproofed by moss drenched in tar. The ship's low mass and shallow keel permitted navigation in waters just 1 meter deep, rapid beaching when landing on beaches, and portage over land.
Construction
Our best evidence for longship building comes from ship-burials. It was common in Viking society for kings to be buried under a long burial mound in a ship with rich possessions. The Oseberg ship burial in Norway and the Anglo Saxon longship of Sutton Hoo in England are both good examples.
Longships were extraordinarily narrow for their length compared to modern standards The main discovered longship (at Roskilde harbor) is 35m in length, and the longship from Hedeby harbour has the largest length/width proportion: 11.4 to 1. However, later longships, optimized for sailing, had lower ratios, often 1 to 7 or even 1 to 5.
In contrast, Scandinavian trade ships or knarrs were built deeper and broader to accommodate bulkier cargo, and were more reliant on sails. A similar relationship may be seen in Mediterranean galleys, which are now and then called longships as well, and their merchant vessels, which were roundships.
Rectangular sails made of wool strengthened by leather were introduced later. Under sail, longships were very fast, achieving speeds of 14 knots. They were also extremely seaworthy, but, being essentially open boats, not very habitable. However, this did not stop early Scandinavian explorers from discovering and settling in Iceland, Greenland, and Canada, all well before Christopher Columbus landed in the Bahamas in 1492.

Helicopter

2007-03-19T22:01:00.001-07:00

A helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more horizontal rotors (propellers). Helicopters are classified as rotary-wing aircraft to differentiate them from conventional fixed-wing aircraft. The word helicopter is resulting from the Greek words helix (spiral) and pteron (wing). The engine-driven helicopter was invented by the Slovak inventor Jan Bahyl. The first stable, fully-controllable helicopter located in production was invented by Igor Sikorsky.
Compared to conventional fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters are much more complex, more expensive to buy and operate, comparatively slow, have shorter range and restricted payload. The compensating advantage is maneuverability: helicopters can hover in place, reverse, and above all take off and land vertically. Subject only to refuelling facilities and load/altitude limitations, a helicopter can travel to any location, and land wherever with a clearing a rotor disk and a half in diameter

Baking powder

2007-03-13T21:54:00.001-07:00

Baking Powder is a dry chemical leavening agent used in baking and deodorizing. There are some formulations; all contain an alkali, characteristically sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), and an acid in the form of salt crystals, together by means of starch to keep it dry. When dissolved in water the acid and alkali react and emit carbon dioxide gas, which expands existing bubbles to leaven the mixture. Most current baking powders are double acting, that is, they have two acid salts, one which reacts at room temperature, producing a rise as soon as the dough or batter is ready, and another which reacts at a higher temperature, causing a additional rise during baking. Baking powders that have only the low-temperature acid salts are called single acting. Many recipes call for a process called creaming, where butter and sugar are beaten together to initiate tiny seed bubbles which the leavening gas will more expand.

Common low-temperature acid salts comprise cream of tartar, calcium phosphate, and citrate. High-temperature acid salts are regularly aluminium salts, such as calcium aluminum phosphate. They can be establish not only in many baking powders, but also in many non-dairy coffee creamers. Excess aluminium in the diet may be detrimental to human health, and so baking powders are available without it for people who are concerned and those sensitive to the taste.

While a variety of baking powders were sold in the first half of the 19th century, our modern variants were exposed by Alfred Bird. Eben Norton Horsford, a student of Justus von Liebig, who began his studies on baking powder in 1856, ultimately developed a variety he named in honor of Count Rumford. August Oetker, a German pharmacist, made baking powder very popular when he began selling his mixture to housewives. The same recipe he produced in 1891 is still sold as Backin in Germany. Oetker started the mass production of baking powder in 1898 and patented his technique in 1903.

Assam tea

2007-03-08T21:30:00.000-08:00

Assam is a black tea named after the region of its manufacturing:(Assam, India). This tea grown-up at sea level is known for its body, briskness, malty flavor, and strong, bright color. Assam teas, or blends containing Assam, are often sold as "breakfast" teas. English Breakfast tea, Irish Breakfast tea, and Scottish Breakfast Tea are ordinary trade names.
Though "Assam" in general denotes the distinctive black teas from Assam, the region produces relatively smaller quantities of green and white teas as well with their own distinctive characteristics.
Historically, Assam is the second commercial tea making region after China. China and Assam are the only two regions in the world by means of native tea plants. Assam tea revolutionized tea drinking habits in the 19th century since the tea, produced from a different range of the tea plant, yielded a different kind of tea.

Honey formation

2007-03-04T21:00:00.000-08:00

Honey is laid by bees as a food source. In cold weather or when food sources are scarce, bees use their stored honey as their source of energy. By contriving for the bee group to make its home in a hive, people have been able to semi-domesticate the insects. In the hive there are three types of bee: the single queen bee, a seasonally variable number of drone bees to fertilize new queens and some 20,000 to 40,000 worker bees. The worker bees raise larvae and collect the nectar that will happen to honey in the hive. They go out, collect the sugar-rich flower nectar and return to the hive. As they leave the flower, bees release Nasonov pheromones. These enable other bees to find their way to the site by smell. Honeybees also release Nasonov pheromones at the entrance to the hive, which enables returning bees to return to the proper hive. In the hive the bees use their "honey stomachs" to ingest and repeat the nectar a number of times until it is partially digested. It is then stored in the honeycomb. Nectar is high in both water content and natural yeasts which, unchecked, would reason the sugars in the nectar to ferment. After the final regurgitation, the honeycomb is left unsealed. Bees inside the hive fan their wings, creating a strong draft across the honeycomb. This enhances evaporation of much of the water from the nectar. The lessening in water content, which raises the sugar concentration, prevents fermentation. Ripe honey, as removed from the hive by the beekeeper, has a long shelf life and will not ferment.
The beekeeper encourages overproduction of honey within the hive so that the excess can be taken without endangering the bees. When sources of foods for the bees are short the beekeeper may have to feed the bees other forms of sugar so they can survive.

Honey is laid by bees as a food source. In cold weather or when food sources are scarce, bees use their stored honey as their source of energy. By contriving for the bee group to make its home in a hive, people have been able to semi-domesticate the insects. In the hive there are three types of bee: the single queen bee, a seasonally variable number of drone bees to fertilize new queens and some 20,000 to 40,000 worker bees. The worker bees raise larvae and collect the nectar that will happen to honey in the hive. They go out, collect the sugar-rich flower nectar and return to the hive. As they leave the flower, bees release Nasonov pheromones. These enable other bees to find their way to the site by smell. Honeybees also release Nasonov pheromones at the entrance to the hive, which enables returning bees to return to the proper hive. In the hive the bees use their "honey stomachs" to ingest and repeat the nectar a number of times until it is partially digested. It is then stored in the honeycomb. Nectar is high in both water content and natural yeasts which, unchecked, would reason the sugars in the nectar to ferment. After the final regurgitation, the honeycomb is left unsealed. Bees inside the hive fan their wings, creating a strong draft across the honeycomb. This enhances evaporation of much of the water from the nectar. The lessening in water content, which raises the sugar concentration, prevents fermentation. Ripe honey, as removed from the hive by the beekeeper, has a long shelf life and will not ferment.
The beekeeper encourages overproduction of honey within the hive so that the excess can be taken without endangering the bees. When sources of foods for the bees are short the beekeeper may have to feed the bees other forms of sugar so they can survive.

Honey is laid by bees as a food source. In cold weather or when food sources are scarce, bees use their stored honey as their source of energy. By contriving for the bee group to make its home in a hive, people have been able to semi-domesticate the insects. In the hive there are three types of bee: the single queen bee, a seasonally variable number of drone bees to fertilize new queens and some 20,000 to 40,000 worker bees. The worker bees raise larvae and collect the nectar that will happen to honey in the hive. They go out, collect the sugar-rich flower nectar and return to the hive. As they leave the flower, bees release Nasonov pheromones. These enable other bees to find their way to the site by smell. Honeybees also release Nasonov pheromones at the entrance to the hive, which enables returning bees to return to the proper hive. In the hive the bees use their "honey stomachs" to ingest and repeat the nectar a number of times until it is partially digested. It is then stored in the honeycomb. Nectar is high in both water content and natural yeasts which, unchecked, would reason the sugars in the nectar to ferment. After the final regurgitation, the honeycomb is left unsealed. Bees inside the hive fan their wings, creating a strong draft across the honeycomb. This enhances evaporation of much of the water from the nectar. The lessening in water content, which raises the sugar concentration, prevents fermentation. Ripe honey, as removed from the hive by the beekeeper, has a long shelf life and will not ferment.
The beekeeper encourages overproduction of honey within the hive so that the excess can be taken without endangering the bees. When sources of foods for the bees are short the beekeeper may have to feed the bees other forms of sugar so they can survive.

Porridge

2007-02-27T22:45:00.001-08:00

Porridge is a simple dish prepared by boiling oats , occasionally oatmeal or another meal in water, milk or both. Oat and semolina porridge are in different countries the most popular varieties. Some other meals used for porridge include rice, wheat, peasemeal, barley, and cornmeal.
In many cultures, it is eaten as a breakfast, often with the addition of sugar or cream. As the usual breakfast of Scotland ,it is made with salt. Some manufacturers of breakfast cereal sell "ready-made" versions; aficionados question whether these can truly be called porridge. Gruel is a thin porridge made with water.

The Institution of Engineers

2007-02-22T21:17:00.001-08:00

The Institution of Engineers (IEI) was established by Sir Thomas Holland and others in Madras in 1920. In 1935, it obtained the Royal Charter from King George V to promote and move ahead the art, science and practice of engineering and technology in India.
The first President of the Institution was Sir Thomas R J Ward. Sir Thomas Guthrie Russell played a key role in the winning petition for a Royal Charter. The current President is Prof S C Naik.
The organization has been prominent amongst the founder members of the Commonwealth Engineers' Council and the Federation of Engineering Institutions of South and Central Asia. The Institution has a conditional membership of the Engineers Mobility Forum since 2003.
Today, the Institution is head-quartered in Kolkata, with 94 state and local centres. With half a million members, it is one of the biggest professional bodies in the English-speaking world. Life corporate members of the Institution are accredited with the Chartered Engineer title.

Heart cancer

2007-02-18T21:02:00.001-08:00

Heart cancer is an very rare form of cancer of the heart. Heart cancer is separated into primary tumors of the heart and secondary tumors of the heart. Most heart cancers are benign of myxomas, fibromas, rhabdomyomas and hamartomas, although malignant sarcomas (such as angiosarcoma or cardiac sarcoma) have been well-known to occur. In a learning of 12,487 autopsies performed in Hong Kong seven cardiac tumors were found, most of which were benign. However, cancer can also reach to heart from other parts of the body. In addition the heart can be affected by handling for cancer in other parts of the body.

Diamond

2007-02-11T22:23:00.000-08:00

Diamonds do not show all of their attractiveness as rough stones; instead, they must be cut and polished to exhibit the characteristic fire and intensity that diamond gemstones are known for. Diamonds are cut into a variety of shapes that are commonly designed to accentuate these features.Diamonds which are not cut to the specifications of round brilliant shape (or subsequent variations) are known as "fancy cuts." Popular fancy cuts include the baguette (from the French, meaning rod or loaf of bread), marquise, princess (square outline), heart, briolette (a form of the rose cut), and pear cuts. Newer cuts that have been introduced into the jewelry industry are the "cushion" "radiant"(similar to princess cuts, but with rounded edges instead of square edges) and "Asscher" cuts. Many fancy colored diamonds are now being cut according to these new styles. Generally speaking, these "fancy cuts" are not held to the same strict standards as Tolkowsky-derived round brilliants and there are less specific mathematical guidelines of angles which determine a well-cut stone. Cuts are influenced heavily by fashion: the baguette cut—which accentuates a diamond's luster and downplays its fire—was all the rage during the Art Deco period, whereas the princess cut—which accentuates a diamond's fire rather than its luster—is currently gaining popularity. The princess cut is also popular amongst diamond cutters: of all the cuts, it wastes the least of the original crystal. The past decades have seen the development of new diamond cuts, often based on a modification of an existing cut. Some of these include extra facets. These newly developed cuts are viewed by many as more of an attempt at brand differentiation by diamond sellers, than actual improvements to the state of the art

Infrared

2007-02-05T21:49:00.000-08:00

Infrared (IR) emission is electromagnetic emission of a wavelength longer than that of noticeable light, but shorter than that of radio waves. The name means "below red" (from the Latin infra, "below"), red being the color of detectable light of longest wavelength. Infrared radiation spans three instructions of magnitude and has wavelengths between about 750 nm and 1 mm.
These divisions are suitable by the different human response to this radiation: near infrared is the area closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid and far infrared are gradually further from the visible regime. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (The common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while Inga As sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately the international standards for these specifications are not currently obtainable.
The boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less responsive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer frequencies make irrelevant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. But particularly strong light (e.g., from lasers, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels [1]) can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be apparent as red light. The onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at different values typically between 700 nm and 780 nm.

Journalism Basics

2007-01-25T04:13:00.000-08:00

Journalism is a concrete, professionally oriented major that involves gathering, interpreting, distilling, and other reporting information to the general audiences through a variety of media means. Journalism majors learn about every possible kind of Journalism (including magazine, newspaper, online journalism, photojournalism, broadcast journalism, and public relations).
That's not all, though. In addition to dedicated training in writing, editing, and reporting, Journalism wants a working knowledge of history, culture, and current events. You'll more than likely be required to take up a broad range of courses that runs the range from statistics to the hard sciences to economics to history. There would also be a lot of haughty talk about professional ethics and civic responsibility too - and you'll be tested on it. To top it all off, you'll perhaps work on the university newspaper or radio station, or possibly complete an internship with a magazine or a mass media conglomerate.

Socialism and social democracy

2006-12-27T02:38:00.000-08:00

The term socialism, used from the 1830s onwards in France and England, was directly related to what was called the social question, in essence the problem that the emergence of competitive market societies did not create liberty, equality and fraternity for all citizens, requiring the intervention of politics and social reform to tackle social problems, injustices and grievances a topic on which Jean-Jacques Rousseau discourses at length in his classic work The Social Contract. Originally the term socialist was often used interchangeably with co-operative, mutuality, associations and collectivist.
The term social democracy originally referred to the political project of extending democratic forms of association to the whole of society, substituting popular sovereignty, the universal franchise and social ownership for the rule of a propertied class which had exclusive voting rights.

Color

2006-12-18T02:16:00.000-08:00

It is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, white, etc. Color derives from the spectrum of light distribution of light energy versus wavelength interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color categories and physical specifications of color are also associated with objects, materials, light sources, etc., based on their physical properties such as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectra.

Typically, only features of the composition of light that are detectable by humans wavelength spectrum from 400 nm to 700 nm, roughly are included, thereby objectively relating the psychological phenomenon of color to its physical specification. Since perception of color stems from the varying sensitivity of different types of cone cells in the retina to different parts of the spectrum, colors may be defined and quantified by the degree to which they stimulate these cells. These physical or physiological quantifications of color, however, do not fully explain the psychophysical perception of color appearance.

The science of color is sometimes called chromatics. It includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range that is, what we commonly refer to simply as light.